Understanding Shakespeares Seven Ages of Man

Understanding Shakespeares Seven Ages of Man The poem The Seven Ages of Man is a part of the play As You Like It, where Jacques makes a dramatic speech in the presence of the Duke in Act II, Scene VII. Through the voice of Jacques, Shakespeare sends out a profound message about life and our role in it. Shakespeares Seven Ages of Man All the worlds a stage,And all the men and women merely players,They have their exits and entrances,And one man in his time plays many parts,His acts being seven ages. At first the infant,Mewling and puking in the nurses arms.Then, the whining schoolboy with his satchelAnd shining morning face, creeping like snailUnwillingly  to school. And then the lover,Sighing like furnace, with a woeful balladMade to his mistress eyebrow. Then a soldier,Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard,Jealous in honour, sudden, and quick in quarrel,Seeking the bubble reputationEven in the cannons mouth. And then the justiceIn fair round belly, with good capon lind,With eyes severe, and beard of formal cut,Full of wise saws, and modern instances,And so he plays his part. The sixth age shiftsInto the lean and slipperd pantaloon,With spectacles on nose, and pouch on side,His youthful hose well savd, a world too wide,For his shrunk shank, and his big manly voice,Turning again towards childish trebl e, pipesAnd whistles in his sound. Last scene of all,That ends this strange eventful history,Is second childishness and mere oblivion,Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything. In this drama of life, each one of us plays seven distinct roles. This, the author says, is the Seven Ages of Man. These seven roles begin at birth and end with death. Stage 1: Infancy Birthmarks the entry of man in the first stage of life. An infant in the caretakers arms is just a helpless child learning to survive. Babies communicate with us through their cries. Having been nourished in the womb of the mother, the baby learns to accept breast milk as its first food. Vomiting is common among all babies. Once a baby is breastfed, you need to burp the baby. In the process, babies throw up some milk. Since babies do nothing most of the day, other than crying and spitting up after feeding, Shakespeare says that the first stage of life is marked by these two activities. Babies have been perceived as cute since the beginning of time. They feed and spit up, and between these two activities, they also cry. A lot. Young parents know the drill even before they become parents. While babies continue to be puking and mewling little adorable beings, the difference between then and now is that raising babies is a concerted effort between the parents. Stage 2: Schoolboy At this stage of life, the child is introduced to the world of discipline, order, and routine. The carefree days of infancy are over, and schooling brings about a regimen in the life of a child. Naturally, the child takes to whining and complaining about the forced routine. The concept of schooling has seen a great change since the time of Shakespeare. In Shakespeares time, school was a forced practice usually overseen by the church. Depending on the status of the parents, a child went to either a grammar school or a monastic school. School  began at sunrise and lasted the whole day. Punishments were common, and often harsh.   Modern schools are quite unlike their ancient counterparts. While some kids still whine and complain about going to school, many actually love school because of the play while you learn approach to schooling. Modern day schools have taken a holistic approach to education. Children are taught through role plays, visual presentations, demonstrations, and games. Homeschooling is another option that most parents prefer to formal schooling. Also, with the abundance of online resources, modern education has extended the boundaries of learning. Stage 3:  Teenager Teenagers in the medieval times were accustomed to social etiquettes of wooing a lady. The teenager during Shakespeares time pined for his lover, wrote elaborate verses of love ballads, and mooned over his object of desire. Romeo and Juliet  is an icon of romance during the period of Shakespeares. Love was sensual, deep, romantic, and full of grace and beauty. Compare this love to the teen love of today. The modern age teen is technically savvy, well-informed, and romantically astute. They dont express their love in amorous love letters. Who does that in the age of texting and social media? Relationships are not as elaborate, or romantic as they were for the medieval teenager. The youth of today is far more individual-centric and independent than those in Shakespeares time. Back in those days, relationships were nurtured towards matrimony. Nowadays, marriage is not necessarily the goal of every romantic affiliation, there is more sexual expression and less adherence to social structures such as monogamy. However, despite all these differences, the teenager of today is as angsty as the teenager of the medieval time. They have to deal with unrequited love, heartbreak, and depression just as those in ancient times. Stage 4: Youth The next stage Shakespeare talks about in the poem is that of a young soldier. In old England, young men were trained for combat. The young soldier developed an attitude of brash courage, raw passion mixed with the impetuous temper that is characterized by unwarranted rebellion. The youth of today have the same zeal and energy for rebellion. They are far more expressive, vocal, and assertive about their rights. Though the youth of today would not necessarily be enlisted for service in the army, they have enough avenues to form social groups to fight for a political or social cause. With social media platforms and the global reach of mass media, the young can reach their voice to the far corners of the world. A widespread reaction is almost instantaneous because of the global reach and effectiveness of propaganda.   Stage 5: Middle Age The middle age has hardly changed over the centuries. Middle age is the time when men and women settle down, and kids, family, and career take precedence over personal indulgences. Age brings wisdom and a sense of peaceful acceptance of realities of life. Idealistic values get pushed behind, while practical considerations become important. While the middle-aged man (and woman) of today have more options to further personal or professional interests, perhaps the medieval middle-aged man had fewer such options, and, not surprisingly, even less so the medieval woman. Stage 6: Old Age In medieval times, life expectancy hovered around 40, and a man of 50 would consider himself lucky to be alive. Depending on the social or economic class of the person, old age could be harsh or at best, ambivalent. Though the old were respected for their wisdom and experience, most old people suffered due to neglect and degeneration of physical and mental faculties. Those who were oriented towards religious pursuits fared better than the household man. Today, life is alive and vibrant for a 40-year-old. Many senior aged people (starting in their 70s) in the modern era are still actively involved in social activities, secondary occupations, or hobbies. Also, there are good retirement plans and financial devices available to make old age comfortable. It is not so uncommon for a healthy and young-at-heart senior citizen to go on a trip around the world, enjoy gardening or golf, or even continue to work or pursue higher education if they so desire. Stage 7: Extreme Old Age What Shakespeare talks about in this stage of man is an extreme form of aging, where the person is no longer able to perform basic tasks such as bathing, eating, and going to the toilet. Physical frailty and incapacity no longer allow them the freedom to live unassisted. During Shakespeares time, it was quite okay to treat old people as senile. In fact, in the Elizabethan era, where slavery and discrimination against women were highly prevalent, ageism  was hardly considered a problem. Old people were treated as little children, and as Shakespeare describes this stage as a second childhood, it was socially acceptable to treat the old with disdain. Todays modern society is more humane and sensitive to seniors. Though ageism still exists and is prevalent in many spheres, with growing awareness, seniors sans teeth, sans eyes, and sans taste still live with the dignity that ought to be afforded to the elderly.

Ashamed

Ashamed A while back I approached C Hope and asked, â€Å"If you could special order your next article for FFW, what would it be about and when would you need it She replied, â€Å"I cannot begin to tell you the perfect article unless it was I’ve been reading the FundsforWriters newsletter and absorbing C Hope’s advice for nearly 20 years. I should have known better before sending the first email. I was brazen, albeit dumb, enough to send yet another. â€Å"You answered exactly what I asked, but what I really wanted to know is what kind of article could I write for you? Im basically asking for an assignment. I realize you dont typically do that, so Im kind of asking you to push the boundaries a bit because Im special and you love me?† I said those words! She responded (I suspect she rolled her eyes while doing so), â€Å"I cant begin to tell you what to write for FFW. I depend on writers relying upon their strengths to pitch the right pieces.† I know the types of articles that comprise the FFW newsletter. I have developed a relationship with C Hope over the years. I hold her in the highest regard and respect her implicitly. She pours her entire heart and soul into helping her readers succeed. It is because I know this, I am ashamed of my actions. It is why I decided to write this, even though it isn’t the â€Å"perfect† article she described. I learned three vital lessons. BE A PROFESSIONAL Whether you have been reading FFW for a week, or a decade, you are reading it because your goal is writing for money given the title of the newsletter is â€Å"FundsforWriters.† Writing for money, means you are running your own business. Unless your niche is business writing, it can be easy to slip into a conversational tone when sending queries and emails. When it concerns your writing business, keep correspondence professional. DON’T ABUSE YOUR NETWORK One of the golden rules in business †¦ in life, is to network. It is equally as important not to abuse your network. It is acceptable to ask questions or for guidance in their area of expertise. It is okay to ask for a special favor occasionally. It is never okay to say, â€Å"I’m asking you to push the boundaries a bit because I’m special/new/learning/don’t know what to do/know you.† TAKE YOURSELF SERIOUSLY The internet is inundated with ezines, newsletters, blogs, coaches, consultants, and advisors. Glean knowledge from these sources to build your writing business. FFW has printed numerous articles on the importance of queries, pitches and writers’ guidelines. Had I been taking myself seriously, I would never have sent the email. I would have gone to the website and searched the archives and the writers’ guidelines. Be willing to research. Be willing to put in the elbow grease. Take responsibility. Own your process. Don’t end up ashamed.

Organizational change Part II & III Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organizational change Part II & III - Essay Example (Program Description, 2008) As drug abuse continues to affect individuals, families, and communities, the need for treatment will remain urgent. At the same time, current federal and state financial trends portend continued and perhaps even increasingly scarce resources. Because of the promise of interorganizational cooperation for improving access, quality, and cost-effectiveness of care (Shortell 2002), understanding what factors lead to such relationships within the drug abuse treatment sector may thus have vital implications for policy makers and managers. Getting lost in the shuffel here is that the ultimate goal of drug addiction treatment is to enable an individual to achieve lasting abstinence, but the immediate goals are to reduce drug abuse, improve the patient's ability to function, and minimize the medical and social complications of drug abuse and addiction. Like people with diabetes or heart disease, people in treatment for drug addiction will need to change behavior to adopt a more healthful lifestyle. Untreated substance abuse and addiction add significant costs to families and communities, including those related to violence and property crimes, prison expenses, court and criminal costs, emergency room visits, healthcare utilization, child abuse and neglect, lost child support, foster care and welfare costs, reduced productivity, and unemployment. (National Sruvey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 200

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Operations Management - Essay Example For example the case study for Mark and Spencer that is involved in providing high quality fashionable products, product design is very essential so as to produce products that are highly competitive in the market (Vilcox & Thomas 2007). The company is known for innovation of its fabrics from its own textile technologies laboratories that is part of the product design. The process of product design however requires the input of several resources so as to come up with a presentable product in the market. The most essential requirement for the design of products in the apparel industry the raw material used to design the product. For the final product to be highly competitive in the market, the used raw materials should be of high quality although relatively low priced (Paulin & Hillery 2009). The raw material should be provided as low prices so as to regulate the product cost in the market. To enhance the constant provision of the raw materials, Mark and Spencer invested in a close re lationship with its materials suppliers. Due to these factors the company is known for the use of easy synthetic fibre to design its clothing. The company also prides in the application of high health and hygiene standards in the processing of their food products. The company has invented the design of new styles by providing new brands over shorter periods (Malcom 2007). Despite operating in a highly competitive market, Mark and Spencer has embraced innovation using the latest technology to suit the changing trends, the fashion and design sector (Jones 2006). The values of quality and service which were used by Mark and Spencer however led to higher prices of the products. Designing of products is essential because in determine different characteristics of the product as well as how well the product functions (Jones 2006). The essential activities involved in product design include research and development, marketing and engineering. Some of the factors of the product that are dete rmined by the design process include the products cost and quality (Beauchamp, Norman & Arnold 2008). The main purpose of design is to develop a product or service that appeals to the consumer at convincing prices and at the same time. For the product to achieve this it has to be designed using high quality but low cost raw materials. The technology applied in the development of the product also determines the p

Miner Resume Essay Example for Free

Miner Resume Essay Objective To gain employment and work along side industry professionals, to further my experience and knowledge within the mining industry. I am a willing candidate who has the ability to adapt and respond to new challenges, in a safe and professional manner. Employment Coal Mine Worker Mastermyne April 2013 – Current Installation of underground secondary support at Moranbah North Coal Mine. Daily duties include: Installation of roof and rib support, mega bolts and high tension flexi bolts in accordance with mine managers support plans. Underground roadworks, installation of VCD’s, underground water storage dams and longwall face bolt up. Trained and authorized in the use of QDS bolting rigs, Airtrack bolting rigs, handheld bolting equipment and underground loaders (eimco ED7 ED10, Juggernaut). Daily practices in housekeeping, creating a safe and productive work environment and risk assessing each task. Coal Mine Worker Minestar Alliance January 2013 – April 2013 Installation of underground conveyor systems at Carborough Downs Coal Mine. Installing drive heads, sacrificial bases, transfer stations and all associated work Underground Civils and roadworks Coal Mine Worker Vulcan MiningNovember 2012- January 2013 Longwall take off and install at Carborough Downs Coal Mine Trained and authorized in the operation FBL 10, FBL 15, 50t Chock Chariot, RapidFace Bolters Transportation of heavy equipment for installation underground Daily tasks included, pulling of chocks from longwall face, building of cob timbers, bolt up of huesker mesh, transportation of chocks out in and into pit using wheel assisted chock trailer, roadwork’s, assisting fitters and general housekeeping duties WDSApril 2012 – November 2012 Development projects and operations at North Goonyella Coal e. g. Operating iner mounted bolters in sequence with the production of coal with an ABM20, Roadwork’s and set up for my crews development panel, working closely with other team members to maintain a safe and positive outcome Trained and authorised for operation of Driftrunner, loaders: Eimco LS130 ED7 ED10, Juggernaut, HfX miner mounted bolters, Stone dusters, Bolting rigs, Cable Reelers and other plants and attachments Follow instructions from supervisors and other team m embers in a safe and efficient manner to Complete tasks at hand Completion and understanding of CHALLENGES, JSA and Zero Harm Training commenced on other mobile plants e. . Shuttle car Coal Mine Worker Diversified Mining ServiceJuly 2011 – April 2012 Installation of underground conveyor belts at Broadmeadow Mine Underground civil work and preparation of work areas including concreting of intersections, take off roads, loop take up sites Follow instructions from supervisors and other team members in a safe and efficient manner Completion and understanding of TAKE 5, JSA and Zero Harm Operation of mobile plants and installation of heavy mechanical systems e. g. oop take up, belt maintenance stations, belt drives and transfer stations Junior Sous Chef Baguette Bar Bistro BrisbaneAugust 2009 July 2011 Running of sections within a team of chefs Complete formation of menus, costing’s and maintain good upkeep on profit and loss Delegate other employees of the lower brigade i n daily tasks to achieve results Follow workplace health and safety guidelines to ensure a safe working environment Personal Attributes Ability to work under pressure and for long periods of time Fast learning at all tasks and objectives Professional and safety first attitude to work ethics Hard working and reliable Highly self motivated, with the ability to work as an individual or as a team member Training and Authorisations Vale Carborough Downs Inducted, NGC inducted, Broadmeadows inducted Current Cold board medical and Underground Generics Working at heights certified Underground mobile plants e. g. Driftrunner, Loaders, HFX Miner Mounted bolting rigs, Various Hydraulic QDS attachment

Free Essays - Ozymandias by Percy Shelley :: Ozymandias Essays

Ozymandias by Percy Shelley Daniel 4:37: "Now I, Nebuchadnezzar, praise and extol and honor the King of heaven, all of whose works are truth, and His ways justice. And those who walk in pride He is able to put down." Shelley tells us about this statue of the great King Ozymandias, and engraved on his pedestal reads: "My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings, Look on my Works, ye Mighty and despair!" We read that passage and immediately think of the arrogance and pride that this man must of had. "Look on my Works, ye Mighty and despair!" Works is capitalized as if it deserved reverence and awe. Shelley also tells us that this great statute has been shattered: "Two vast and trunkless legs of stone stand in the desart. . . . . Near them, on the sand Half sunk a shattered visage lies," So we imagine these pair of legs on a pedestal in the middle of a desert and look to the ground to find the rest of the sculpture shattered into pieces. We read the engraving on the pedestal and look around to see his works so that we can "despair" and we find that "Nothing beside remains. Round the decay Of that colossal Wreck, boundless and bare The lone and level sands stretch far away." I can't help but laugh at the whole situation. Nature has smitten man. Nature won out in the end. Man tried to build a huge empire and then mocked all of natures work and even asks that all "despair" because who could beat his work. Nature has in the end won out and we sit and laugh with nature as Ozymandias's face is in the ground, shattered with a frown half sunken in sand. Nature's arrogance is also evident too though. Nature destroyed man's Work and leaves us the pedestal to read. Nature kept the pedestal as a sign for all of us: "My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings, Look on my Works, ye Mighty and despair." Now replace the name Ozymandias with Nature. "My name is Nature, King of Kings, Look on my Works, ye Mighty and despair." We can replace Ozymandias with Nature because Nature won out in the end. Nothing that Ozymandias accomplished survived. Nature survived and destroyed all that man had done.

Hospice Care Essay

Hospice care is a special type of care that is mainly concerned in comforting patients and issuance of quality life instead of providing curative services to a sick person. Hospice care is in most cases appropriate for someone with a terminal illness and the life of persons is expected to run for six months or less. There are in-patient hospices units are often set up for offering the hospice services. However, when need arises, the hospice administration can offer extensive services to the patients at their homes (Forman, 2003, p. 53). Hospice care units also offer medical social services. Every patient referred to hospice care is assigned a social worker who assists him or her with the social and emotional needs. Counseling services are also offered where spiritual and pastoral support is given to encourage the patients emotionally (Forman, 2003, p. 58). Bereavement counseling is also offered to the family and caregivers for a whole one year after the patient has passed away. The hospice units finance all the medical services and medications of the patient’s diagnosis and other related symptoms that are alleviated. Laboratory and other diagnostic studies are offered in relation to any terminal illness to help determine the terminal illness of the patient. Difference between Hospice Care and other Long-term Care Unlike other care-providing facilities such as the nursing home facilities and assisted living facilities, hospice care does not offer a 24 hour care to the patients (Forman, 2003, p. 53). Instead, hospice care only operates for 12 hours and therefore there is need for the family members to take care of their patient or employ caregivers or other nursing home staff (Forman, 2003, p. 4). For a patient to qualify for hospice care, a medical practitioner must give a directive that the patient is having six months or less to live and that medication is helping no more. One main objective of the hospice care is to improve the quality of life. Hospice care today offers the same services just like the Palliative Care (Forman, 2003, p. 55). Hospice care services can be similar to those of other long-term care facilities and also there are distinct differences between the two. Nursing services is one of the services offered in a hospice care unit. A patient is assigned a nurse who visits him or her 3 days a week. This helps a lot to restore the health of the patient as the patients prepare for a good death with people around them having good communication (Forman, 2003, p. 67). There is also a physician who works hand in hand with the nurse to help restore the health of the individual. The physician checks on the patient regularly to ensure whether the health of the patient is improving or not (Forman, 2003, p. 53). In conclusion, the hospice care units improve the quality of life of many individuals. It should be well understood that the mission of hospice is to establish life and make people see death as any other natural process. Many have often believed that hospice care is to hasten life, but that is not the case. It is clear that the hospice care is so different from other types of care such as the nursing facilities and assisted living facilities. The difference comes in terms of the services offered. Most of the services in the hospice care are all about medical improvement as a person is nearing death. Also, hospice care does not provide services unless one has been asked by the medical practitioner to seek the hospice services.

Labour Party to socialism Essay

‘Explain the ideas and policies which link the modern Labour Party to socialism’. (10 marks) Socialism is the economic system based on cooperation rather than competition of businesses which utilizes centralized planning and redistribution of wealth. Industry is state owned and therefore companies have government monopolies on them which results in no competition. Industries are redistributed though the state to achieve a fairer society. Traditional Labour values were indeed a form of socialism as some of their core values include a large welfare state, mild redistribution of wealth through taxes and social mobility. Socialism was founded in 1789 if the modern day Labour party had the same ideologies as those of the original socialist politicians then it would be considered a far right party in today’s political spectrum. Since its origins, the principles of socialism have evolved into many different forms of itself to make it compatible with society. There are many links to many differing forms of socialism both traditional and modern in today’s Labour party. Democratic socialists i.e. Labour believe in â€Å"Equality of opportunity† this means that everyone has the same opportunities to maximise their potential and accomplish high positions in life no matter what their background or ethnicity, for example a labourer’s child can become a lawyer or politician if he/she desires and they will not be discriminated against. This is still one of Labour’s core values, therefore linking to traditional socialism. Another concept of democratic socialism is the redistribution of wealth an example of ‘New Labour’ doing that is increasing the amount in social housing estates, or the introduction of the ‘windfall tax’ which raised ?5billion to set up the ‘New Deal’ which helps the long term unemployed back to work through training and employment, thus giving opportunities to those who previously didn’t have the skills to generate their own wealth. Traditional socialism wants radical constitutional reform e.g. democratise institutions such as the House of Lords. ‘New Labour’ does want constitutional reform such as the de-centralisation of power and mild House of Lords reform e.g. it is elected not inherited. So therefore shows that Labour does still have socialist values.

Impact of Training on Employee Development

Impact of Training on Employee Development Introduction Employee training has become a very important aspect in the modern business world. Due to the increased competition of customers and high profit margins, many organizations have formulated training schedules for their employees. Training is aimed at developing employee skills and knowledge.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Impact of Training on Employee Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is therefore associated with the achievement of organization’s goals and hence profits. Training enhances organizational development and performance. Training refers to the whole process of learning through which skills are sharpened, knowledge is acquired, concepts are developed, rules are elaborated, change of attitude is enhanced, and employee behavior is streamlined with the aim of improving employee performance. Employee development results from consistency in development where employees acquire more skills and knowledge. The knowledge acquired through employee training enables them to realize that they can perform better. Organizations conduct on-the-job training, and off-the-job training. On-the-job form of training is done when employees are trained while they perform their assigned task. On the other hand, off-the-job training is done by having employees out of their work for one or more training sessions. Employees resume their work after the training. Most of the employees will appreciate trainings that are aimed at enhancing their skills and career development. Appreciation of employee training by both the management and employees will enhance its productivity. Training programs that are valued by employees enhance their level of satisfaction, motivation, and commitment to the organization. The performance of employees will also improve with an increase in training sessions. Although there exist a debate on whether employee training enhances turnover or it increases commitment, training is vital for employee development. There are various impacts of training on both the organization and individual employees. Since employees are the most important publics of an organization, their training should be prioritized by organizations. With the above highlights on training, this report discusses the impact of training on employee development. Increased Employee Productivity/Performance Training enhances employee development in the sense that in enables them to performance better. According to Ameeq-ul-Ameeq (68), employee training is said to be effective when employee performance improves. According to the human capital theory, appropriate and proper training of employees enables the organization to yield high results. High organizational productivity can only be achieved when the performance of individual employees is increased. It is through training that employees learn the importance of being more active on their duties and/or to appreciate the div ersity of the working environment.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Appreciation of workplace diversity enhances teamwork. Hence, the achievement of organizational goals is enhanced. Training also enhances employee confidence. Chiaburu and Tekleab (604) argue that proper and consistent training of employees makes them more confident and accurate when performing their duties. Since confidence in work enhances proficiency, employees become more effective. Employees who are well trained do not fear the risk of tear and wear, errors, and scrap. Confidence also boosts the rate of output per individual employee. Employees are also likely to perform better with increased training since they require less supervision and correction. A considerable amount of time is lost as the supervisors and managers monitor the conduct of employees. Training improves performance especiall y on new employees, for instance, fresh college graduates and employees who turn from one career to another one. Since new employees have little or no practical experience on their jobs, they are likely to cause wastage, scrap, and errors. Such kinds of employees are also likely to increase the rate of accidents in an organization. It is such negative occurrences that make such employees perform poorly. Proper training is one that is conducted after a thorough research is conducted on employee training needs. According to Chiaburu and Tekleab (609), analysis of employees training needs will enhance the objectives of the training such that the training will enhance the skills required for the performance of a certain task. Workers learn how to use certain technology features to increase their efficiency. They learn how to avoid risks and consequently how to reduce health hazards and absenteeism. The ability to use certain machines enables learners to increase their rate of production and standardization of products. Increase in the number of days that employees are in a certain job enhances their productivity. Employees are also exposed to various situations and occurrences during training. Through education and instructions that employees receive in training, their experience is increased. Hence, they become more productive and accurate. Since employees learn how to reduce risks and/or protect themselves, it becomes quite easy for them to remain healthy and productive. Healthy employees have high performance levels. Organizations experience low performance because some skills are not learnt in school. Kennett (112) argues thatmost of the practical skills can only be achieved through the on-the-job training. Training also enhances employee commitment. Hence, they feel more attached to achieve good results for the organization. Training enhances Employee Relevancy in the Market and Career Growth The current world of technology has resulted in fast changes in the job markets. According to Ameeq-ul-Ameeq (68), skills that are relevant in the job market today may be irrelevant tomorrow. For example, Ameeq-ul-Ameeq’s report found that some years ago, the typesetting machine was relevant in the market.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Impact of Training on Employee Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, with the wide adoption of computers in most of the institutions, the machine has become irrelevant. In the same way, those who used to operate these machines have also had their services lacking relevancy in the market. It is out of these constant changes in the service industry that makes training important. Kennett (112) argues that as technology changes, workers must also be trained on new skills required in the market. On-the-job and off-the-job trainings aim at equipping employees with the current and relevant technology. Some of the employees in organ izations stay for many years in the organization without advancing their skills. In fact, the report found that most of the employees in many organizations still use obsolescent skills that they acquired from college more than 20 years ago. Products made by such employees may continue to lag behind in the market. Since most of the employees who are in their senior years are in managerial positions, their methods of administration may result in conflicts with the junior employees. Kennett (114) argues that some of the skills that old managers and supervisors use are focused on production rather than on employees. Training is therefore important to old employees since it equips them with modern skills that make them remain relevant in the market. Training enables all employees in an organization to read from the same book. When employees’ skills and knowledge are leveled, coordination in job performance is easily achieved. Old and new employees gain the ability to work together as a team. During the training session, the old employees and fresh graduates share their knowledge and skills. Divergent views on various strategies of performance are converted into a common agreement. Workers that are occasionally trained are able to refresh their skills. The report also found that a considerable number of employees working in organizations have not received any training during their term of service. In fact, some of the employees had spent more than twenty years without receiving any refresher training. Training of workers enables them to develop on their previous knowledge and skills. Chiaburu and Tekleab (604) assert that combination of previous knowledge and skills with modern skills acquired during regular training helps employees remain relevant and competitive. The employers are also looking for relevant and current skills and knowledge from the employees that they hire. An employee who does not show commitment in acquiring new skills and/or moving with t ime is likely to lose relevancy in the work place. The report found that many companies dropped most of the employees who worked as office assistants during the manual era. However, those who had acquired training on computer skills and applications were retained. Job structures and design are also changing with change in time. A piece of work that required five professionals to finish is currently being done by one person and with lesser time.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This goal has been achieved through a revision of training curriculum and mechanization. Employees who receive consistent training from their organizations are able to align their skills with changes in the market. Enrichment of careers is therefore achieved through training. Training enables learners to acquire new knowledge and skills. In most of the organizations, job promotions are done with regard to employee wealth of knowledge and skills. An employee who has received more training relative to others is likely to score high in performance. Hence, he or she will be promoted. Promotion is part of career growth and development. In fact, even the competitor organizations hunt for employees with high levels of knowledge and skills. Kennett (113) argues that training may also work negatively for an organization since the more employees are trained, the more their marketability is increased. Training enhances Employee Commitment and Job Satisfaction Training enables workers to become more committed to their job. Lack of employee training may result in increased turnover. Every employee who comes to an organization has a desire to grow and develop his or her career. Training will enable an employee to learn how to be committed to his or her organization. Commitment makes employees patient in working for one organization for a considerable amount of time. It enables employees to appreciate the process of organizational growth. They become patient to grow with it. Employee training enables workers to appreciate that the more one remains in an organization, the less likely that he or she will turn over. Through training, employees learn to appreciate conflicts and/or how to solve them. Cases of strikes and other forms of industrial actions are reduced. Job satisfaction is also enhanced through employee training. Employees would not want to turn over to other organizations that do not offer training. Employees who are occasionally trained on various topics and issue s gain the required skills for promotion and reward. Such employees will always be waiting for the next training. Training will therefore enhance employee commitment. Employees will also be committed to implementing the skills that they learn from training sessions. Commitment will enable employees to correct their colleagues who make errors during the performance of their duties. Trained employees will work hard to ensure efficiency and accuracy. According to Chiaburu and Tekleab (606), relationship between employees that are occasionally trained is better relative to that of employees that are never taken through training. Job satisfaction has been associated with good employee working environment. Since employees are trained on conflict resolution, they are able to solve conflicts within the organization. Employees will also be satisfied with career development, promotions, and rewards. Training develops employee skills in handling complex tasks. The ability to handle complex pro blems makes the employee achieve a certain level of job satisfaction. When an employee realizes his or her importance and contributions towards the success of an organization, he or she appreciates it. Improvement of knowledge and skills makes the employees have the capacity to seek better remuneration. With a better pay and terms of service, employees are able to live a better life relative to the period before training. Organizations that offer consistent trainings to their employees also indicate to them that there is a brighter future. Employees want to stick to an organization with a promising future. No employee would want to remain in an organization that will collapse or turn into receivership within the next few years. Chiaburu and Tekleab’s report also found that job commitment improves with the duration of employment and the age of the employee. Employees who are sure of a secured source of income in the future are able to invest in their careers. They feel obligat ed to their organization. Training has been credited with increased employee commitment. Training nurtures Employee Talents On-the-job training enables organizations to nurture employee talents. This report realized that job turnover is higher in junior employees than with older employees. Employee turnover reduces with an increase with age and period of service. In some cases, junior employees will turnover from a job due to lack of sufficient support during induction. Chiaburu and Tekleab (607) argue that employees who are well trained during induction have their talents nurtured. As a result, they are less likely to turn over from their jobs. However, employees who receive training from their employers are able to adapt to the working environments in an organization. Individual employee skills are also nurtured during training. Various areas of employee development are addressed during training. Great talents are also developed and maintained. For example, employees with manageme nt talents are trained on the best practices. Talents are enhanced through training. Kennett (2013, p.112) argues thattraining onvarious topical issues enhancesknowledge and skills, thus making talents more professional. Young, ambitious, and talented employees are also retained through training. Training enables employees perfect their skills. Employees that are trained enjoy their work and develop a positive attitude towards work. Employees also get more involved in their jobs after they are trained. Training also enables employees to appreciate their contribution in jobs that they do. It is through training that employees learn to appreciate their contribution to the organization. Hence, an organization gives open forums to employees. In turn, they are able to express themselves fully. In such forums, employee talents are realized. Talent realization also happens during the actual performance of the job. The spirit and enthusiasm that employees develop during training enables the m to nurture their talents. Employees are also trained on how to make their talents work for them. Through training, employees learn how to select the right careers for themselves hence maximizing the impact of their talent. For instance, an employee may be working in the communication department of an organization as an editor. However, he or she may not be talented in editing but in public speaking. During training, talents are realized. Such an employee is able to appreciate his or her public speaking skills in an attempt to move to the sales promotion sub-department where he or she maximizes his or her skills. According to Ameeq-ul-Ameeq (68), talents enhance productivity of employees. Employees are able to develop their talents and careers to another level. Such talent makes an organization outstanding in the market amidst tight competition. Training enhances Employee Communication and ability to solve Conflicts Employee development is also enhanced through training on communic ation and conflict resolution. Through training, employees have their communication skills enhanced. They are able to interact with their supervisors, management, and colleagues in a better way. Cases of conflicts are also reduced since the employees can already appreciate each other. Training also enables employees to learn how to avoid and solve internal conflicts. Conflicts between employees are also reduced in trained employees. Trained employees know how to relate with each other in the workplace. Unity of purpose and socialization is also raised through training. Employees work like a team. As a result, their unity enhances their performance. Proper, clear, and complete communication in the working environment enables employees to open up to each other, hence boosting work coordination. Workers that are trained also learn from each other in an open way. Each employee minds about the others welfare. Hence, there exists a tight organizational culture. Employees who have been tra ined on various issues identify with each other. This identity further enhances socialization in an organization. The report also found that conflicts are more rampant in organizations that do not provide for employee training. Employees that undergo regular trainings acquire skills on how to communicate with each other together with how to communicate with their supervisors and their seniors. In most cases, conflicts arise from misunderstanding and lack of communication. According to Kennett (112), through proper communication skills, employees are able to articulate their grievances in a professional and acceptable manner. The management and supervisors are also able to respond to the need of the employees in the right way and on time. It is for this reason that organizations that conduct regular employee training have few conflicts. Trained employees also appreciate the need for dialogue on various matters. Dialogue enables the parties in conflict to solve their problems in an am icable way instead of rising against each other and destroying the reputation of their organization. Barrett and O’Connell (649) argue that trained employees are also more loyal to their organizations relative to untrained employees. Trained employees understand the whole process of leaders. They understand the financial position of their organization. They understand their profit margins. Therefore, they are likely to demand what they understand is their rightful share. Trained employees also know the right channels of conflict resolution. They are therefore less likely to soil the image of their company by seeking other methods of solving conflicts. Training also enhances diversity among employees. Employees are trained to accept diversity in terms of gender, age, race, tribe, and sexual orientation among others. Acceptance of diversity in the workplace enhances teamwork and/or reduces conflicts. During training, employees are occasionally reminded of the need for teamwork. Employees who work in organizations, which carry out training sessions, acquire socialization skills. They can work with diversified groups of people. Training develops employee communication skills. Employees with developed communication skills understand how to make the right choice of words. Wrong choice of words in communication results in conflicts among employees. Training equips employees with skills on how to communicate effectively. Correct, concise, and clear communication skills are enhanced through training. Communication promotes understanding in the organization. Learners develop skills on how to handle various publics of the organization. Employees who are trained on communication are able to carry out audience analysis before packaging communication materials for them. Appropriate training on communication enables employees to select the right channels of communication for different publics. For example, employees develop skills to choose on communication channels t hat have a wide reach, fast, and/or use a language that the target audience understands. Every public receives the right communication appropriate for its needs. With proper training, organization culture is nurtured. Employees become part of a larger communication family in the organization. Training reduces Employee’s Weaknesses, Errors, and Scrap Through training, employees learn how to deal with their weaknesses, how to reduce errors, and how to avoid product wastage. One of the major aims of training is to reduce errors. Employees who are not sure of certain methods of production are likely to make errors in delivering their services. Errors increase with a change in technology and methods of production. Kennett (112) argues that lack of training increases the chances of errors in the process of production. Guesswork in delivery of services can cost the company its money, time, and reputation. Barrett and O’Connell (647) argue that errors reduce the quality of pro ducts and services that a certain company produces. Employee training ensures that employees are introduced to new methods of production, new technology, and/or are trained on how to make the best use of it. An employee who is occasionally trained is not likely to forget the process of service or product manufacturing. Training acts as a constant reminder of various aspects of service delivery to the employees. Training enables employees to develop an active mind that guides them on accuracy, hence enabling them avoid errors. Employers want employees that will maximize profits while reducing losses. Since employees are human beings, they are bound to personal and professional weaknesses. During training, employee weaknesses are addressed. The areas where employees face difficulties while working are addressed. As a result, the employee develops new and more elaborate skills in handling tasks. Professionalism in the delivery of duties is enhanced through training. Every employee who is constantly trained becomes more professional with increased training. Barrett and O’Connell (650) further affirm that employees are reminded of various standards of operation during training. Trained employees are therefore strong in the way they perform their duties. Training aims at turning the weaknesses of employees into strengths. Employees who understand their weaknesses can easily come out of them and turn them into strengths. Strongly willed employees are likely to yield better results in performance since they are sure of their work and expectations. The amount of scrap that results from employees that are constantly trained is also reduced. Trained employees rarely make professional mistakes. The number of errors that such employees make is also reduced. Training enables employees to reduce scrap. During training, employees gain knowledge and skills on how to reduce errors that may result in total damage of goods and services. Efficiency of production is therefor e increased with a reduction in scrap. Employees with high levels of accuracy are also likely to be rated high during appraisals. Training enhances Employee Efficiency Employees who receive occasional training develop their efficiency skills. Efficiency of employees saves time. Time is an important factor in the production of goods and services. Training enables employees to learn how to plan, execute, and evaluate programs. Time wastage is reduced when employees are able to carry out their duties efficiently. Training enhances employee accuracy. Accuracy enhances efficiency of production. When employees are confident of the kind of work that they should do and the expectation of their work, they are able to save time. Barrett and O’Connell (647) observe that employee productivity highly depends on their level of efficiency. Training enables the employee to acquire knowledge and skills on how to use machines in the process of production. Mechanization and adaptation of modern technology will further enhance employee productivity. During training, employees are trained on how to automate and use machines to achieve high rates of production. Employees who are able to use technology enable their companies to be better competitors in the market. Mechanization of labor increases the speed of production. Training also enhances retention of the best employees in the organization. Employees would want to remain in an organization that promotes their career development and/or one that enhances their productivity. By having the right people in the organization, it becomes easier to attain organizational goals on time. Some experienced employees who turn over from organizations due to lack of opportunities for growth and development hurt the efficiency of organizations. Therefore, it is important to train employees in order to develop their skills and knowledge thereby reducing turnover rates. Employees who undergo training are not likely to turn over to other car eers. Retention of employees in one career for a long period enhances their mastery in their area of specialization. Specialization enhances efficiency in the performance of duties. Employees are trained on how to be the best service providers in their areas of specialization. Increased repetition in performance of duties enables the employee to be more efficient in performance of duties. Training enables these employees to be confident in performance of their duties. Confidence enhances efficiency of performance of duties. Efficiency of employees is also enhanced through training on conflict resolution. Organizations waste lot of time in solving conflicts between the management and employees and among the employees. Conflicts are also a great source of de-motivation to the employees. Barrett and O’Connell (647) affirm that through training, employee efficiency is enhanced since employees are taught on how to solve simple conflicts. Training enables them to acquire skills in mediation, conflict management, and resolution. Workers who undergo regular on-the-job and off-the-job training are able to manage differences among them. Workers are also trained on how to mediate in cases of conflict among employees and between employees and supervisors. When employees work with little or no stress, their efficiency is enhanced. Such employees can make high quality products. They can avoid cases of accidents. Conclusion Based on the expositions made in this study, it is evident that training is crucial in employee development. Every employee has developmental needs such as advancing knowledge and skills, learning how to communicate well, achieving job satisfaction, achieving higher pay and reward, having the ability to solve and manage conflicts, advancing their talents, acquiring of skills in the application of modern technology, being more proficient in work, and becoming more productive. This report realized that both on-the-job and off-the-job training are abl e to achieve all these developmental needs. Organizations that organize occasional employee training are able to achieve high profit margins. Such organizations are also able to compete well in the modern markets. Therefore, this report realized that every organization should invest in training of its workforce in order to nurture skills for the current market and for the future. Employees who are occasionally trained develop confidence and accuracy in their jobs hence reducing errors and scrap. Training also nurtures proper communication skills. Organizations with employees who have well developed communication skills are able to nurture organizational culture. Therefore, this report finds that training of employees is important for the purposes of developing their knowledge, skills, and abilities. Ameeq-ul-Ameeq, Furqan. â€Å"Impact of Training on Employees Development and Performance in Hotel Industry of Lahore, Pakistan.† Journal of Business Studies Quarterly 4.4(2013): 68-82. Print. Barrett, Allan and Philip O’Connell. â€Å"Does training generally work? The returns to in company Training.† Industrial and Labor Relations Review 54.3(2001): 647-662. Print. Chiaburu, Dan and Amanuel Tekleab. â€Å"Individual and contextual influences on multiple dimensions of training effectiveness.† Journal of European Industrial Training 29.8(2005): 604-26. Print. Kennett, Geraldine.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Impact of Training Practices on Individual, Organization, and Industry Skill Development.† Australian Bulletin of Labor 39.1(2013): 112-135. Print.

Sample Graduate School Recommendation Letters

Sample Graduate School Recommendation Letters Obtaining letters of recommendation for graduate school is just part of the application process, but those letters are a crucial component. You may feel that you have no control over the content of these letters or you may wonder  whom to ask.  Requesting a recommendation letter  is daunting, but you need to consider the challenge that your professors and others face in writing these letters. Read on to learn how to ask for a recommendation letter in a way that will get results. Requesting the Letters You can either ask for a recommendation letter in person or through a (snail mail) letter. Dont ask via a quick email, which can feel impersonal and stands a great chance of getting lost or deleted, or even finding its way into the dreaded spam folder. Even if you ask in person, provide the potential recommender with a letter that includes  background information, including your current  resume- if you dont have one, create one- and links to the graduate schools to which you are applying. Briefly mention specific qualities and academic skills that you would like your reference to mention. No matter how well you think your recommender knows you, remember that this person is a professor, adviser, or even an  employer, who has many things on her plate. Anything you can to do provide her with more information about you can make her letter-writing job easier- and it can help point the letter in a direction you want it to go, ensuring that it includes the points you want your recommender to make. Be prepared to discuss the type of degree you seek, programs to which you are applying,  how you arrived at your choices, goals for graduate study, future aspirations, and why you believe the faculty member, adviser, or employer is a good candidate to write a letter on your behalf. Be Direct Though youre applying for graduate school, keep in mind some general tips when asking for a recommendation letter for any purpose, be it graduate school, a job, or even an internship. Online job search engine  Monster.com  advises that when you are asking for a recommendation letter, just pop the question. Dont beat around the bush; come right out and ask. Say something like: â€Å"I’m applying for an internship, and I need to include two letters of recommendation. Would you be willing to write one for me? I’d need it by the 20th.† Suggest some talking points: With a professor, as noted, it might be best to do this in a letter. But, if youre asking an adviser or employer, consider stating these points verbally and succinctly. Say something like: Thank you for agreeing to write a letter of recommendation for me. I was hoping you could mention the research I conducted and the input I provided for the grant proposal the organization submitted last month. So what else does it take to ensure your recommenders write solid letters for you? A  good, helpful letter of recommendation will discuss you in detail and provide evidence to support those statements. The information you provide will- hopefully- ensure that your recommenders include those details in a direct but comprehensive manner. Tips and Hints No one can speak with more authority about a students academic abilities than a former professor or instructor. But a  good letter of recommendation  goes beyond classroom grades. The best referrals offer detailed examples of how you have grown as an individual and provide insight into how you stand out from your peers.   A well-written letter of recommendation should also be  relevant to the program for which you are applying. For  example, if youre applying for an online graduate program and youve  had success in previous distance-learning courses, you might ask that professor for a referral.   Good letters of recommendation are written by people who know and have a vested interest in your success. They offer detailed and relevant examples that demonstrate why you would be a good fit for a graduate program. A  bad letter of recommendation, by contrast, is vague and indifferent. Take the necessary steps so that the graduate programs you are applying to dont receive those kinds of letters about you.

Network Security Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Network Security - Term Paper Example The rapid growth of networking has also come with its own challenges, mainly in the area of network security. Maiwald defines security as the â€Å"freedom from danger, fear or anxiety: safety† (4). He also defines a network as an interlinked system. Therefore, network security can be defined as the safety of interlinked systems. There are to kinds of networks: synchronous network and data networks. Synchronous network systems are made up of switches, which makes them immune to malicious attacks. However, data network systems contain routers that are computer based, making them susceptible to all kinds of malicious attacks. The internet is perhaps the best known and most widely used data network on the globe today. A few years ago, the computer system was seen as a harmless piece of technology and not many people cared really for computer security. To many people at the time, most computer operations and software were illogical, thus the risk of hackers was quite low (Kaufman, Radia and Speciner 43). However, since the mid 1980s, networked computer workstations became common and with this came the issue of information and network security. More and more people are able to read and understand computer algorithms, meaning that the likelihood of a system being hacked into is very easy. Organizations are forced to share networks with distrustful organizations and individuals. The world of network security is quite hostile since a small percentage of the population can cause untold damage to a global network. This is the situation that makes network security such an important matter in today’s highly networked society. There is need to protect the data and information that companies, institutions and individuals need protected by designing fool-proof network security systems. History of Network Security Widespread interest in network security gained ground in the 1980s when Kevin Mitnick hacked into the systems of several companies and made away with $80 million. This was the biggest computer-related crime by a single person in the history of the United States. The birth of the internet also marked the beginning of the interest in network security. In 1969, internet was developed after the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANet) was given the mandate to carry out research in networking. ARPANet was an instant success and before long, email applications had become quite popular (Pardoe and Snyder 223). Th InterNetworking Working Group (IWG) was given the responsibility of governing ARPANet by setting the standards for use. On the 1980s, TCP/IP, which is a common langu age shared by all computers connected to the internet, was developed. Thus internet was officially born. The mid 1980s saw a boom in the number of personal and commercial computers which led to many companies joining the internet bandwagon. In the early 1990s it was the urn of the public to get access to the internet, and this marked the birth of the World Wide Web (WWW) era. Today the internet is widespread all across the world and many people carry out their daily activities online (Maiwald 60). The actual history of internet security began in 1918 when an enigma machine that could convert plain text to encrypted messages was developed in Poland. 22 years later, Alan Turing broke the enigma code. The word hacker was first coined by students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The Telnet Protocol developed in the 1970s and this led to data networks being accessed by the public. The 1980s saw the rise of hackers and computer-related crimes. The Computer fraud and Abu se Act was enacted in 1986 to minimize cases of information stealing from military and federal offices (Kaufman, Radia and

Illinois and United States constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Illinois and United States constitution - Essay Example It says that it is because they wanted to form a perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide defense, welfare and secure the blessings of Liberty and prosperity6. The United States constitution is divided into seven articles each with different sections and clauses that address various aspects of the federal government and the relationship with people and the states. The first article concerns the structure of the federal government while the last article concerns the signing of the document by the various signatories7. The Illinois state constitution on the other hand fourteen articles each with various articles and clauses that address various aspects of the state and the relationship with the federal government. The first article is the bill of rights that outlines the various rights and freedom enjoyed by the people of Illinois8. The last article talks of constitutional revision and outlines the various issues to be considered in amending the constituti on. Though the last part of the constitution provides for the transition period from one constitution to another and the various issues that need to remain to enable a smooth transition9. The Illinois state constitution bill of rights begins with the first section that outlines the inherent and inalienable rights of any individual. The rights it points out are the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It then explains the various rights and freedoms enjoyed by all citizens within the state. It has a total of twenty four rights and freedom that people enjoy within the state and each of these is explained in different sections. The rights and freedoms include the following: the right to due process and... The Illinois state constitution bill of rights begins with the first section that outlines the inherent and inalienable rights of any individual. The rights it points out are the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It then explains the various rights and freedoms enjoyed by all citizens within the state. It has a total of twenty four rights and freedom that people enjoy within the state and each of these is explained in different sections. The rights and freedoms include the following: the right to due process and equal protection; freedom of religion; freedom of speech; the right to assemble and petition; the right to be secure from searches, seizures, privacy and interceptions; rights to hearing; rights after indictment; rights of crime victims; right to bail and habeas corpus; self-incrimination and double jeopardy; limitation of penalties after conviction, right to remedy and justice; right to trial by jury; imprisonment for debt, right of eminent domain; ex post facto laws and impairing contracts; right to no discrimination in employment, on the basis of sex, against the handicapped; right to individual dignity; quartering of soldiers; right to arms; fundamental principles and finishes by looking at the rights that are retained . In the US constitution on the other hand, the bill of rights is not found as part of the text in the constitution rather it is found among the ten amendments made on article five of the US constitution.